Information Retrieval List Digest 357 (May 27, 1997) URL = http://hegel.lib.ncsu.edu/stacks/serials/irld/irld-357 IRLIST Digest ISSN 1064-6965 May 27, 1997 Volume XIV, Number 19 Issue 357 ********************************************************** II. JOBS 1. NASA Ames: Summer Position: Intelligent Web-based IR 2. Dalhousie U.: Killam Chair in Business Informatics III. NOTICES A. Publications 1. EJournal - Electronic Resources Review 2. July JASIS Table of Contents B. Meetings 1. Call for Participation - EMNLP2 2. Workshop Announcement: Beyond Word Relations 3. SIGIR '97 C. Miscellaneous 1. Cliff Lynch Leaves UCOP 2. Cliff Lynch Joins CNI IV. PROJECTS E. Miscellaneous 1. Humanities and Computing Roundtable ********************************************************** II. JOBS II.1. Fr: Jim R. Chen Re: NASA Ames: Summer Position: Intelligent Web-based IR Summer Position in Intelligent Web-based Information Retrieval At NASA Ames we have an opening for a graduate student with interests in the area of intelligent web-based information retrieval. Our goal is to explore the benefits of merging knowledge-based techniques with traditional text-based information retrieval techniques. The specific project involves designing and implementing an automatic text categorization facility as an extension to our WebTagger bookmarking system (http://ic-www.arc.nasa.gov/ic/projects/aim/papers/WWW6/paper.html). The student will need to survey literature (as necessary), design, and implement. APPLICANT QUALIFICATIONS: - Graduate student in computer or information sciences - Background in information retrieval techniques - Programming skills: C++, Perl, CGI protocol, Web experience - Exposure to AI desirable - Independent research skills - US citizenship or permanent residency is necessary for employment PERIOD OF EMPLOYMENT: - 10 weeks during the summer, time to be negotiated RESUMES & STATEMENT OF INTEREST TO: Dr. Richard Keller (keller@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov) Mail Stop 269-2 Computational Sciences Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 ********** II.2. Fr: Elaine G. Toms Re: Dalhousie U.: Killam Chair in Business Informatics Killam Chair in Business Informatics Dalhousie University invites applications and nominations for the Killam Chair in Business Informatics. This new position has been created as part of an expanded initiative in the Faculty of Management, which comprises four Schools (Business Administration, Library and Information Studies, Public Administration, Resource and Environmental Studies) with increasingly integrated teaching and research activities. The Killam Chairholder will provide leadership to a small team conducting research into business informatics, and will be expected to focus on strategic information management,information collection, organization, presentation and usage. The Business Informatics initiative is supported by corporate funding as well as by the University. The successful candidate should have made significant research contributions appropriate to appointment at the level of full professor, as well as having demonstrated the capacity to develop joint projects between the university and industry. Appointment to the Killam Chair will be for a term of five years, and will be coupled with a tenured faculty position in either the School of Business Administration or the School of Library and Information Studies as appropriate. In accordance with Canadian immigration requirements, this advertisement is directed to Canadian citizens and landed immigrants. Dalhousie University is an Employment Equity/Affirmative Action Employer. The University encourages applications from qualified aboriginal peoples, persons with a disability, racially visible people, and women. Applications and nominations for this position should be made by submission of a curriculum vitae, a brief description of current research interests and the names of at least three referees (including telephone and fax numbers) to: Dr. Philip Rosson, Dean, Faculty of Management, Dalhousie University, 6152 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3J5 from whom further information can be obtained by telephone (902) 494-2582, fax at (902) 494-1195, or E-mail: Philip.Rosson@Dal.ca. Consideration of applications will continue until an appointment is made. ********************************************************** III. NOTICES III.A.1. Fro Gill Crawford Re: EJournal - Electronic Resources Review ELECTRONIC RESOURCES REVIEW An Electronic Journal View example reviews at the journal homepage on: http://www.anbar.co.uk/liblink/err/jourhome.htm The definitive on-line source of information for electronic additions to your library Anbar Electronic Intelligence is pleased to announce the launch of a new title that can help librarians to do their job better. To be launched in January 1997, ELECTRONIC RESOURCES REVIEW focuses on which electronic additions are available and on those you could and should add to your library collection. THE EDITOR: Is Norman Desmarais, Aquisition Librarian at Providence College, Rhodes Island, USA. Norman has 20 years experience in the field of Library and Information Management. He is former Editor of CD-ROM Librarian and CD-ROM World and has authored two books on the subject of electronic media along with many articles and reviews about electronic material for a variety of publications. WHY ELECTRONIC RESOURCES REVIEW? The emergence of the Internet as a medium for publishing presents a paradigm shift for librarians and publishers alike - a shift that cannot be ignored, but must be harnessed and its benefits transferred to the reader. ELECTRONIC RESOURCES REVIEW helps this transition. The journal acts as a medium for librarians to find reviews of CD-ROMS, electronic journals and other electronic resources relevant to their collections. It will help you identify, evaluate and select titles to add to your collection - and specifically highlight those attributes that make individual electronic resources appropriate for library use. JOURNAL CONTENT: Reviews are written by librarians and content comprises of five core elements that are considered for each product: Installation - Concerns all aspects covering the installation of the product, e.g. disk space. Content - Is a product description, it concerns product suitability for intended audience, how comprehensive it is. Search Engine - For on-line products only, this details opinion Navigability concerning how easy they are to move around. User Information - Details the type of documentation provided with the product. Evaluation - Outlines the scale of product recommendation. YOUR ON-LINE RESOURCE: ELECTRONIC RESOURCES REVIEW takes advantage of the benefits that an on-line publication can bring through being published on-line via the Internet. For current awareness, a subscription to ELECTRONIC RESOURCES REVIEW comprises 12 monthly updates and starts from the date of order rather than a specified month ensuring that your subscription is current at all times. The journal can be browsed and searched using a number of terms. Quality indicators also allow users to select the reviews of the best on-line products. ELECTRONIC RESOURCES REVIEW comes complete with site licence which allows anyone whose e-mail address includes your organization's domain name to access the journal at any time from their own workstation. WHO SHOULD READ ELECTRONIC RESOURCES REVIEW? * Senior Managers * Collection Development Officers * Acquisition Librarians * Library Staff * Library Schools * Consultants FOR FURTHER INFORMATION contact Gillian Crawford, email: gcrawford@mcb.co.uk or log on to the Internet at: http://www.anbar.co.uk/liblink/err/jourhome.htm Gillian Crawford Vice President, Library Link, Internet Free-press, electronic journals MCB University Press Limited 60/62 Toller Lane Bradford, West Yorkshire England BD8 9BY Web: Library Link: http://www.mcb.co.uk/liblink/nethome.htm Internet Free-Press: http://www.free-press.com/free-press.htm Electronic Journals: http://www.mcb.co.uk ********** III.A.2. From: Richard Hill Re: July JASIS Table of Contents Journal of the American Society for Information Science VOLUME 48, NUMBER 7, JULY 1997 IN THIS ISSUE: Bert R. Boyce, 577 SPECIAL TOPIC ISSUE: STRUCTURED INFORMATION/STANDARDS FOR DOCUMENT ARCHITECTURES: GUEST EDITORS: ELISABETH LOGAN AND MARVIN POLLARD Introduction: Elisabeth Logan and Marvin Pollard, 581 IN MEMORIAM:: A Tribute to Yuri Rubinsky, August 2, 1952---January 21, 1996 Stuart Weibel, 583 Why SGML? Why Now? Yves Marcoux and Martin Sevigny, 584 SGML and Related Standards: New Directions as the Second Decade Begins James David Mason, 593 The ``ABCs'' of DSSSL: Sharon C. Adler, 597 Application of HyTime Hyperlinks and Finite Coordinate Spaces to Historical Writing, Analysis, and Presentation: W. Eliot Kimber and Julia A. Woods, 603 W[h]ither the Web? The Extension or Replacement of HTML: Peter Flynn, 614 The Text Encoding Initiative: Flexible and Extensible Document Encoding: David T. Barnard and Nancy M. Ide, 622 Extending SGML to Accommodate Database Functions: A Methodological Overview: Arijit Sengupta and Andrew Dillon, 629 All My Data Is in SGML. Now What? Jon Fausey and Keith Shafer, 638 Towards a Methodology for Document Analysis: Airi Salminen, Katri Kauppinen, and Merja Lehtovaara, 644 SGML: The Reason Why and the First Published Hint: Charles F. Goldfarb, 656 BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: More Authors, More Institutions, and More Funding Sources: Hot Papers in Biology from 1991 to 1993: Zhang Haiqi, 662 BOOK REVIEWS The Art of Abstracting (2nd ed.), by Edward T. Cremmins Carol A. Bean, 670 Ethics and Computing: Living Responsibly in a Computerized World, by Kevin W. Bowyer Robert L. Battenfeld, 671 ********** III.B.1. Fr: Claire Cardie Re: Call for Participation - EMNLP2 First Call for Participation Second Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-2) Brown University Providence, Rhode Island, August 1-2, 1997 (Immediately following AAAI) Note: The early registration deadline is June 15, 1997. FOR COMPLETE INFORMATION, SEE http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/cardie/emnlp2.html CONFERENCE OVERVIEW: In the spirit of SIGDAT events, this conference offers a general forum for novel research in corpus-based and statistical natural language processing. In addition, a number of sessions of this year's conference are devoted to new research describing and evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, and recent advances in corpus-based NLP as applied to INFORMATION EXTRACTION and INFORMATION RETRIEVAL (IR). Papers will be presented in the following research areas: - robust parsing, phrase structure analysis - language modelling - word sense disambiguation - anaphora resolution - event categorization - discourse structure identification - tagging multi-lingual texts - machine learning methods as applied to problems in NLP - term and name identification - text categorization - text segmentation - lexicon construction FRIDAY, AUGUST 1 PAPER PRESENTATIONS: An O(N) Average Time Statistical Parser Based On Maximum Entropy Models: Adwait Ratnaparkhi Global Thresholding and Multiple Pass Parsing: Joshua Goodman An Efficient Distribution of Labor in a Two Stage Robust Interpretation Process: Carolyn Penstein Rose and Alon Lavie Text Segmentation Using Exponential Models: Doug Beeferman, Adam Berger, and John Lafferty Detecting Subject Boundaries Within Text: A Language Independent Statistical Approach: Korin Richmond, Andrew Smith, Einat Amitay Mistake-Driven Learning in Text Categorization: Ido Dagan, Yael Karov, Dan Roth INVITED TALK: Tom Mitchell (CMU): "Machine Learning and Extracting Information from the Web" PAPER PRESENTATIONS: Tagging Grammatical Functions: Thorsten Brants, Wojciech Skut, Brigitte Krenn On Aligning Trees: Jo Calder Aggregate and Mixed-order Markov Models for Statistical Language Processing: L. Saul and F. Pereira Assigning Grammatical Relations with a Back-Off Model: Erika F. de Lima Automatic Discovery of Non-Compositional Compounds in Parallel Data: I. Dan Melamed SATURDAY, AUGUST 2 PAPER PRESENTATIONS: Learning to Tag Multi-Lingual Texts Through Observation: Scott W. Bennett, Chinatsu Aone, Craig Lovell A Corpus-Based Approach for Building Semantic Lexicons: Ellen Riloff and Jessica Shepherd Inducing Terminology for Lexical Acquisition: Roberto Basili Name Searching and Information Retrieval: Paul Thompson and Christopher C. Dozier Lexicon Effects on Chinese Information Retrieval: K.L. Kwok Attaching Multiple Prepositional Phrases: Generalized Backed-Off Estimation: Paola Merlo, Matthew W. Crocker, and Cathy Berthouzoz Learning Methods for Combining Linguistic Indicators to Classify Verbs: Eric Siegel SIGDAT business meeting INVITED TALK: To be announced. PAPER PRESENTATIONS: Probabilistic Coreference in Information Extraction: Andrew Kehler An Empirical Approach to Temporal Reference Resolution: Janyce Wiebe, Tom O'Hara, Ken McKeever, and Thorsten Ohrstrom-Sandren Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Structured Semantic Space: Ji Donghong and Huang Changning Distinguishing Word Senses in Untagged Text: Ted Pedersen and Rebecca Bruce Exemplar-Based Word Sense Disambiguation: Some Recent Improvements: Hwee Tou Ng REGISTRATION: Registration includes proceedings and continental breakfast, lunch, and refreshment breaks for each day of the conference. Non-member fees also include a 1-year membership in ACL (Association for Computational Linguistics) and a subscription to the Computational Linguistics journal (1 year). CONTACTS: Claire Cardie Ralph Weischedel Cornell University BBN Systems and Technologies Department of Computer Science 70 Fawcett Street 4142 Upson Hall Cambridge, MA 02138 Ithaca, NY 14850 USA USA cardie@cs.cornell.edu weischedel@bbn.com (607)255-9206 (617)873-3496 ********** III.B.2. Fr: Beth G. Hetzler Re: Workshop Announcement: Beyond Word Relations This workshop will be held July 31 in Philadephia in connection with SIGIR '97 (see http://www.acm.org/sigir/conferences/sigir97/index.html). BEYOND WORD RELATIONS Organizer: Beth Hetzler, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Many information retrieval systems identify documents or provide a document visualization based on analysis of a particular relationship among documents - that of similar content. But there may be layers of other less apparent and less traditional relationships that would potentially be useful to the user. Building a theoretical framework for this "other" information is the subject of this workshop. The focus will be on identifying new non-traditional relationships which may be valuable to analysis, and on integrating among the traditional and non-traditional. The goal of the workshop is to significantly enhance our understanding of the linkages and associations among documents by: - Identifying possible semantic relationships among documents. For example, some readily apparent relationships include documents with the same subject or theme, that share a property, that reference or quote one another, that share the same purpose, or that embody a cause-and-effect relationship. - categorizing those relationships - identifying attributes of the relationships - identifying areas for follow-on research, such as visualization possibilities The workshop will be structured in two pieces. The morning will include short presentations by several of the invited attendees to review relevant work and to provoke thought and discussion. The afternoon will include a break-out session with a few small groups each focused on a particular topic. Specific topics will be influenced by the submitted white papers and the attendees. Candidates include: - possible semantic relationships (may have more than one group with this focus, - each addressing a subset of the problem) - visualizations of relationships - attributes of relationships - identifying applications After the break-out sessions, each group will present a summary of results to the workshop as a whole. Follow on discussion will be used to refine the results and to address categorization and identification of suggested research. A summary of the results will be provided for publication in SIGIR Forum. Participants should send a short (2 page) white paper or an extended abstract discussing your ideas for this forum to Beth Hetzler at eg_hetzler@pnl.gov by June 1, 1997. ********** III.B.3. Fr: James Allan Re: SIGIR '97 The deadline for submissions to the SIGIR '97 workshops is June 1st, so please submit materials if you're interested. Four of the five workshops will be held on Thursday, July 31st, the day following the SIGIR '97 conference. One workshop is offered conjunction with the Digital Libraries '97 conference, and will be held on Saturday, July 26th. Workshops generally run from 9 to 3. The following workshops solicit submissions from interested parties. Further information on the workshops (including more detailed descriptions) as well as more information about the conference is available from the SIGIR '97 home page http://www.acm.org/sigir/conferences/sigir97 EDUCATION AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT (Edward Fox): Education and Curriculum Development for Multimedia, Hypertext, and Information Access: Focus on DL and IR. Send submissions to fox@vt.edu. BEYOND WORD RELATIONS (Beth Hetzler): Moving from content similarity to layers of other less apparent and less traditional relationships that would potentially be useful to the user. Send submissions to eg_hetzler@pnl.gov. NETWORKED INFORMATION RETRIEVAL (Jamie Callan, Chris Buckley, and Norbert Fuhr): Addressing the need for tools that help people navigate the network, select which collections to search, and fuse the results returned from searching multiple collections. Send submissions to callan@cs.umass.edu. SUMMARIZATION AND VISUALIZATION FOR IR (James Allan and Amit Singhal) : Discussion of "information reduction" techniques such as summarization and visualization. Send submissions to allan@cs.umass.edu. CROSS-LINGUAL IR (Jaime Carbonell and Yiming Yang): A forum for discussion of developments and emerging issues in Cross-language Information Retrieval (retrieving documents in one language using a query in a different language). Send submissions to jgc@cs.cmu.edu with the word "crosslingual" in the subject field. ********** III.C.1. Fr: M. Stuart Lynn Re: Cliff Lynch Leaves UC to Head CNI It is with mixed feelings that I must announce that Clifford Lynch, Director of the Division of Library Automation (DLA) will be leaving the University of California in July to accept the position of Executive Director of the Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) - mixed feelings because although I and his many colleagues and friends are sorry to see him leave the University after so many years of extraordinary service, we are delighted for him as he takes on this new challenge in an important national policy position. Cliff has been with UC for 17 years, all of them within DLA. He joined the then embryonic DLA in 1979 as Manager of Computing Resources, and was promoted through a series of positions becoming Director of DLA in 1987. He has provided much of the technical direction behind Melvyl, the University's on-line union catalog that has over the years been expanded to provide full content access to many journals and other publications. Most recently he has guided the design and implementation of the new Melvyl Web interface that was just widely announced two weeks ago. He has also been instrumental in the establishment of UC's wide area network infrastructure, UCNet. Cliff is well-recognized nationally for his significant contributions to the emerging milieu of on-line access to information, and of digital libraries, contributions that span the full range from technical to policy issues. His broad grasp of these issues makes him ideally qualified for his new position. There is no doubt that he will bring as much distinction to the Executive Directorship of CNI as he has brought over the years to the University of California. CNI is an organization for institutions concerned with realizing the promise of high performance networks and computers for the advancement of scholarly communication and publishing and the enrichment of intellectual productivity. The Coalition was formed in 1990 by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL), CAUSE, and Educom. The Coalition pursues its mission with the guidance of a nine member steering committee and the aid of a 200 member task force made up of higher education institutions, publishers, network service providers, computer hardware, software, and systems companies, library networks and organizations, and public and state libraries. The University of California has been a member of CNI since its inception. I - and I am sure all of those who have worked closely with Cliff over the years - wish him all the very best in his new position. M. Stuart Lynn Associate Vice President Information Resources & Communications ********** III.C.2. Fr: Joan K Lippincott Re: CNI Appoints Clifford Lynch as New Executive Director CNI announced today that Clifford A. Lynch will become the Coalition's new Executive Director beginning in July 1997. Lynch, who is currently the Director of Library Automation at the University of California Office of the President, succeeds Paul Evan Peters, CNI's founder and Executive Director, who died suddenly in November 1996. "Cliff is uniquely gifted to lead the Coalition," said Duane Webster, Executive Director of the Association of Research Libraries. "His intimate and long-standing relationship with CNI provides the background to help us all move the Coalition smoothly into the new environment we face." Robert C. Heterick, Jr., Educom President concurred, "Cliff Lynch is well known to, and much respected by, many members of the Educom community. His scholarly research in the general subject area of networked information is truly remarkable and often quoted." Heterick added, "His leadership of the Melvyl effort at the University of California was groundbreaking for scholars not only at the University of California but all across this nation and the world. I couldn't be more pleased to find that he has accepted our challenge to provide leadership for the very important work of the Coalition for Networked Information." Jane Ryland, CAUSE President, offered similar remarks, "I've had the pleasure of knowing and working with Clifford for years, well before we conceived of the concept of CNI. I'm truly delighted that we'll now have even more of his prodigious talents and energies working to help create a networked information environment for the 21st century." Lynch has been at the University of California since 1979 where he oversees university-wide library automation and internetworking activities. M. Stuart Lynn, Associate Vice President of Information Resources and Communications at the University of California commented regarding the announcement: "Whereas I and his many colleagues and friends at the University are sorry to see him leave after so many years of extraordinary service, we are delighted for him and for CNI as he takes on this new challenge in an important national policy position. UC - as a founding member of CNI - and I personally as a member of the CNI Steering Committee - are pleased that CNI will be moving forward under Cliff's inspirational leadership." Internationally known for his development of Melvyl, an information system which serves all of the campuses of the University of California, Lynch has played a key role in the development of information standards. Especially noteworthy is his work on Z39.50, which addresses the need for interoperability among information retrieval systems. He has served on the Board of Directors of the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) and currently is a member of NISO's Standards Development Committee, and is also active within the Internet Engineering Task Force. Lynch, who is the immediate past president of the American Society for Information Science and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, has received several awards recognizing his contributions, including the American Library Association's LITA/Gaylord award, an ASIS Dissertation Award, and the American Society for Engineering Education's Homer Bernhardt Award. A prolific author, Lynch recently wrote an article that appears in the March 1997 issue of Scientific American. He has been involved in a wide range of national initiatives in areas ranging from preservation of electronic information to research programs for digital libraries. He has also taught at the School of Information Management and Systems at the University of California, Berkeley for a number of years, and played an active role in the committee that defined the program for the new school. Lynch holds a Bachelors of Arts in Mathematics and Computer Science from Columbia College; a Master of Sciences in Computer Science from the Columbia University School of Engineering; and a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley. Regarding his appointment as CNI's Executive Director, Lynch said "It's a great honor to be able to build on the work that my friend and colleague Paul Peters has done on behalf of our whole community, and to be able to lead CNI into the 21st century. My belief is that CNI is the most important program that we have to chart the course for the development and exploitation of the possibilities of networked information to serve scholarship. As a community, we face enormous but often confusing opportunities that can be addressed only by working together on a national and international basis, and I will work to ensure that CNI continues to be a powerful vehicle for sorting through the confusion, fostering dialog, and engaging the opportunities before us." ********************************************************** IV. PROJECTS IV.E.1. Fr: Louise Fisch Re: Humanities and Computing Roundtable A national effort to foster programmatic interaction between the humanities and the computer science communities could significantly enrich both disciplines. This was the unanimous sentiment of a recent roundtable involving a diverse group of researchers and executives from the arts, humanities and computing and communications communities on March 28, 1997, held at the National Academy of Sciences building in Washington, D.C. This lively brainstorming meeting was hosted by the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council and convened by an extraordinary collaboration of the Board with the Coalition for Networked Information, the National Initiative for a Networked Cultural Heritage, and the Two Ravens Institute. Unequivocally, participants urged further and wider multi-disciplinary discussions as a prelude to possible practical action. The Computing and the Humanities roundtable confirmed the organizers' expectations that further progress requires mutual focus on several key issues: DIGITIZING CULTURAL WORKS: Understanding the intrinsic qualities of arts and humanities material to enable appropriate conversion to electronic media; the development of a critical mass of electronic works; and the encouragement of the generation of new material that may only be possible via electronic media; INTEROPERABILITY: Developing cross-disciplinary and cross-media interoperability of systems and formats to enable researchers and the general public to search, find, and appraise a wide selection of humanities material in disparate physical locations, and to do so easily and creatively; PRESERVATION & ACCESS: Facilitating the preservation of and access to relevant information resources over time and across a range of systems and media; PLANNING: Planning for the new capabilities and new organization of resources that newer technology will continue to make possible; INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES: Understanding the need for institutional support for the deployment and maintenance of technical infrastructure, including networks, libraries of electronic material, and computer-based tools for working with humanities materials, as well as the nurturing of relevant human infrastructure, such as the support for cross-disciplinary collaboration; and COLLABORATION: Identifying mutually satisfying mechanisms enabling humanists to work more effectively with industry and academic technologists to generate software and systems of value to humanists that also challenge computer scientists. A summary report on the Roundtable proceedings will be published in the fall of 1997 by the National Research Council. The report will also be distributed by the American Council of Learned Societies as an ACLS occasional paper. AGENDA AND DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZERS AVAILABLE AT Louise Ann Fisch Coordinator of Communications Coalition for Networked Information 21 Dupont Circle, NW Washington, DC 20036 202.296.5098 ********************************************************** IRLIST Digest is distributed from the University of California, Division of Library Automation, 300 Lakeside Drive, Oakland, CA. 94612-3550. Send subscription requests and submissions to: NCGUR@UCCMVSA.UCOP.EDU Editorial Staff: Clifford Lynch calur@uccmvsa.ucop.edu Nancy Gusack ncgur@uccmvsa.ucop.edu The IRLIST Archives is set up for anonymous FTP. Using anonymous FTP via the host ftp.dla.ucop.edu, the files will be found in the directory /data/ftp/pub/irl, stored in subdirectories by year (e.g., data/ftp/pub/irl/1993). Search or browse archived IR-L Digest issues on the Web at: http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/idom/irlist/ These files are not to be sold or used for commercial purposes. Contact Nancy Gusack for more information on IRLIST. THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED IN IRLIST DO NOT REPRESENT THOSE OF THE EDITORS OR THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. AUTHORS ASSUME FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR