Information Retrieval List Digest 353 (April 28, 1997) URL = http://hegel.lib.ncsu.edu/stacks/serials/irld/irld-353.txt IRLIST Digest ISSN 1064-6965 April 28, 1997 Volume XIV, Number 15 Issue 353 ********************************************************** II. JOBS 1. WiseWire Corp.: Research Scientist; Research Software Dev. 2. Cycorp: Technology Positions 3. NASA: Database Abstractor/Indexer III. NOTICES A. Publications 1. FARNET's Washington Update 2. Machine Learning/Datamining Textbook B. Meetings 1. SIGIR '97 2. ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries 3. Summer Workshop with Coverage on IR Education, Courseware C. Miscellaneous 1. Bursaries ELSNET Summer School IV. PROJECTS C. Fellowships, Grants, & Scholarships 1. US Junior Faculty: NSF CAREER/PECASE Proposals 2. USIA Fulbright Senior Scholar Program D. Initiatives & Proposals 1. Announcement of NHA Principles ********************************************************** II. JOBS II.1. Fr: Sandi Brummert Re: WiseWire Corporation: Research Scientist; Research Software Dev. Research Scientist Job Opportunities Research Software Developer Job Opportunities WiseWire Corporation http://www.wisewire-corp.com WiseWire Corporation (formerly Empirical Media) has openings for individu als with a strong background in any the following areas: -- Agent-based systems -- Information Retrieval/Filtering -- Machine Learning and Neural Networks -- Collaborative Systems Research Scientists will develop innovative advanced technologies with ou r team, apply empirical scientific methods, and become involved with their creations in the end-user environment. Research Programmers will have the opportunity to apply research work to actual products on the Internet and in other applications. Candidates should have a strong background in C++ development. Individuals are encouraged to apply even if you are not available to work for 6 months to a year, as we expect continued growth in our research department. WiseWire Corporation has made great advances in meeting the challenges of building and marketing a highly-scalable agent-based filtering system through our WiseWire service on the Web. You are welcome to try our serv ice or find out more about our company at http://www.wisewire.com. WiseWire Corporation offers an opportunity for talented individuals to do what they do best in a well-financed and supportive business environment. We also offer the chance to join a team of bright and dedicated technologists that are diligently working to revolutionize the way people use the Internet. Members of our team are compensated for the value they create on the Net through competitive salaries, benefits and a substantia l stock option plan. WiseWire Corporation is an equal opportunity employer. To apply for these positions, you can get in touch with us by mail, fax, phone, or email at: WiseWire Corporation 5001 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 phone: 412-688-8870 email: jobs@wisewire.com fax: 412-688-8853 ********** II.2. Fr: Kevin Smith Re: Cycorp: Technology Positions JOIN THE CYC(tm) COMMON SENSE SOFTWARE TEAM! Thanks to high demand from commercial and government customers, Cycorp has opportunities for 15 individuals to join us in Austin. All positions involve working with the Cyc(TM) technology -- an immense, broad, multi-contextual knowledge base which our group has developed over the last thirteen years. The Cyc(TM) knowledge base, spanning fundamental human knowledge, enables a multitude of knowledge-intensive products and services which will revolutionize the way in which people use and interact with computers: semantic information retrieval, consistency-checking of structured information, deductive integration of heterogeneous data bases, natural language interfaces able to cope with realistic levels of ambiguity/terseness/contextualization, and many more. We are looking for enthusiastic individuals to join us in this challenging enterprise. There are no set educational requirements for these positions. We invite you to contact us if you satisfy one (or more) of the following six sets of criteria: ONTOLOGICAL ENGINEERS: o Facility with formal logic (predicate calculus) o Self-motivated, yet works well in a team o Responsibilities: codify and formalize areas of knowledge ONTOLOGICAL ENGINEER TRAINEES: o Ability to think problems through logically o Introspective o Highly self-motivated and a good learner o Works well as a member of a team SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR: o Experience in a heterogenous (UNIX / Windows NT) environment o Responsibilities: selecting and configuring new hardware, maintaining and expanding the computing environment, and performing regular Cyc(TM) system maintenance APPLICATION PROGRAMMERS: o Some familiarity with deductive inference, search, and logic o Training (and practice) in complexity analysis of algorithms o Application programming expertise with C and/or Lisp o Expertise in UNIX and/or Windows operating systems o No strong beliefs that one language or OS is clearly best INTERFACE PROGRAMMERS: o Interface programming experience with C and/or Java o Designed/improved widely-used application interfaces o Familiarity with UNIX and/or Windows operating systems PROJECT MANAGERS: o Software development experience in C and/or Lisp o Successful project management experience o Experience working under federal grants/contracts o Some experience and interest in declarative AI For all six categories of positions above, each of the following skills/experience would be considered a plus: programming (esp. Lisp or C or C++); database programming and/or administration; Java and/or HTML wizardry; general AI (esp. knowledge representation); natural language processing; linguistics; philosophy; modal logic; mathematics (beyond calculus); rhetoric; cognitive psychology; complexity theory; experience in the healthcare industry or the military; management or teaching experience; product rollout, documentation, or maintenance experience. For further information about our company and our technology, please visit our Website at www.cyc.com For immediate consideration, please send your resume and a cover letter to: Doug Lenat Cycorp 3721 Executive Center Drive, Suite 100 Austin, TX 78731 FAX: 512-342-4040 E-MAIL: doug@cyc.com Cycorp is an Equal Opportunity Employer ********** II.3. Fr: Re: NASA: Database Abstractor/Indexer NASA Center for AeroSpace Information NCI Information Systems, Inc. Linthicum, Maryland ABSTRACTOR/INDEXER (on site) JOB DESCRIPTION: As part of the Database Creation Section of the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information, provides analysis and subject indexing of scientific and technical literature; edits and writes informative and descriptive abstracts. Other areas of responsibility include the identification and assessment of emerging technical concepts for inclusion in a controlled indexing vocabulary (the NASA Thesaurus); and providing general support to other Database Creation activities. ENVIRONMENT: The NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI), located (one mile west of BWI Airport) between Baltimore and Washington DC, has been supporting the NASA and aerospace research community for over 35 years, providing literature acquisition and processing, database design, and document delivery services. The NASA STI Database includes over 3 million records corresponding to journal and report literature in the areas of aerospace and supporting areas of engineering, astronomy and Earth sciences, life sciences, and fundamental areas of physics and chemistry. The role of the Database Creation section is to carry out acquisition, cataloging, document scanning, subject analysis (abstracting/indexing), and lexicography activities. (See the NASA STI homepage at http://www.sti.nasa.gov/STI-homepage.html) QUALIFICATIONS: Required: Bachelors degree with at least 25 credit-hours in the hard sciences or engineering, OR at least 2 years experience in indexing scientific/technical literature. Candidate should have a solid knowledge of fundamental scientific concepts and some applications areas. In addition, the candidate must have strong analytical and writing skills, and should be able to broaden his/her technical knowledge with little training support. (General keyboard/computer skills are also necessary.) PREFERRED: Work experience in database or book indexing and formal written communication; knowledge of database retrieval methods and bibliographic cataloging a plus. SALARY AND BENEFITS: Salary is commensurate with experience. Includes a comprehensive benefits package. APPLICATION: Applicants should submit a resume by March 15 (preferably by fax) to: NASA Center for Aerospace Information NCI Information Systems, Inc. Attn: Jackie Streeks 800 Elkridge Landing Road Linthicum, Maryland 21090-2934 fax# (301) 621-0134 e-mail: jstreeks@sti.nasa.gov ********************************************************** III. NOTICES III.A.1. Fr: Heather Boyles Re: FARNET's Washington Update FARNET's Washington Update --- April 18, 1997 IN THIS ISSUE: - Next Generation Internet initiative funding not included in authorization bill passed by House Science committee - NSI proposal to FNCAC meeting that FCC take over domain names creates firestorm of controversy >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Written from FARNET's Washington office, "FARNET's Washington Update" is a service to FARNET members and other interested subscribers. We gratefully acknowledge EDUCOM's NTTF and the Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) for additional support. If you would like more information about the Update or would like to offer comments or suggestions, please contact Heather Boyles at heather@farnet.org. ********** III.A.2. Fr: Tom Mitchell Re: Machine Learning/Datamining Textbook MACHINE LEARNING / DATAMINING TEXTBOOK: FREE INSPECTION COPIES McGraw Hill announces immediate availability of a new textbook, MACHINE LEARNING, by Tom Mitchell. This book provides a thorough, multi-disciplinary introduction to computer algorithms for automated learning and datamining. Free copies are available to course instructors who will consider the book for possible course adoption next fall or spring. To request a copy, contact Betsy Jones at McGraw Hill (630)789-5057. The chapter outline is: 1. Introduction 2. Concept Learning and the General-to-Specific Ordering 3. Decision Tree Learning 4. Artificial Neural Networks 5. Evaluating Hypotheses 6. Bayesian Learning 7. Computational Learning Theory 8. Instance-Based Learning 9. Genetic Algorithms 10. Learning Sets of Rules 11. Analytical Learning 12. Combining Inductive and Analytical Learning 13. Reinforcement Learning (414 pages) This book is intended for upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, and professionals working in the area of datamining, machine learning, and statistics. The text includes over a hundred homework exercises, along with web-accessible code and datasets (e.g., neural networks applied to face recognition, Bayesian learning applied to text classification). For further information, see http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/mlbook.html. To order by credit card call McGraw Hill 1-800-338-3987, ask for ISBN number 0070428077. ********** III.B.1. Fr: David Lewis Re: SIGIR '97 SIGIR97: 20th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval DoubleTree Hotel, Philadelphia, PA, USA July 27 -- July 31, 1997 SUMMARY PROGRAM (For complete program and registration details, see the SIGIR '97 home page at: http://www.acm.org/sigir/conferences/sigir97/index.html or write sigir97@nist.gov) Saturday, July 26: Pre-conference workshop on curricula for IR and digital libraries. (Held in conjunction with Digital Libraries '97.) Sunday, July 27: Morning and afternoon tutorials. Salton Award presentation and evening reception. Monday, July 28: Newcomers' breakfast. Opening remarks. Keynote address. Technical paper sessions. Demonstrations and posters session. Reception. Tuesday, July 29: Technical paper sessions. Panel on real world issues in IR. Banquet at Franklin Institute Science Museum. Wednesday, July 30: Technical paper sessions. ACM SIGIR Annual Meeting and Lunch. Close of conference. Thursday, July 31: Post-conference workshops on networked IR, summarization and visualization for IR, crosslingual IR, and semantic relations in IR. SIGIR '97 is collocated with DL '97, the Second ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries, which will be held July 23-26, 1997 in Philadelphia. SIGIR '97 is being held in cooperation with BCS-IRSG (UK), GI (Germany), and IPSJ (Japan). The sponsorship of the following companies is gratefully acknowledged: AT&T Labs - Research IBM Infonautics Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Lexis-Nexis West Information Publishing Group ********** III.B.2. From: Fern E Brody Re: ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries ACM DL '97 2nd ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries PRELIMINARY PROGRAM DOUBLETREE HOTEL, PHILADELPHIA, PA JULY 23-26, 1997 ACM DL '97 will immediately precede SIGIR '97 in Philadelphia. The ACM DL series is sponsored by ACM through SIGIR and SIGLINK. ACM Digital Libraries is an international conference which is building a community of individuals from diverse fields to study research and development in digital libraries. The collection, access and use of electronic information in a variety of formats requires solutions to problems ranging from the technical to the social, incorporating knowledge and experience from many fields. Individuals with an interest in library and information science, digital information technology, education, information policy and economics, information seeking behavior and other fields contributing to digital library development are invited to attend. CONFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS INCLUDE: Wednesday * Tutorials * Opening reception Thursday * Keynote address by Jim Reimer, IBM Senior Technical Staff Member * Technical sessions * Panel on museum and gallery applications of digital libraries * D-Lib panel on interoperability * Banquet cruise Friday * Plenary address by Pamela Samuelson, U. of California Berkeley * Technical sessions * D-Lib panel on interoperability * Poster and demonstration showcase and reception Saturday * Technical sessions * Workshops Sunday * Tour to Brandywine Valley STEERING COMMITTEE Edward Fox (Chair), Virginia Tech Robert B. Allen, Bellcore William Arms, CNRI Nicholas Belkin, Rutgers University Richard Furuta, Texas A&M University Gary Marchionini, University of Maryland Edie Rasmussen, University of Pittsburgh Conference information is available from the DL'97 website or via email: http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~diglib97/ or diglib97@sis.pitt.edu ********** III.B.3. Fr: Edward A. Fox Re: Summer Workshop with Coverage on IR Education, Courseware Computer Science Education Innovation Workshop June 15-21, 1997 --- Blacksburg, VA Interactive Learning with a Digital Library in CS (http://ei.cs.vt.edu) Virginia Tech & Norfolk State University ATTENDEES: 20 applicants selected on the strength of support of their educational institution for innovation, and their interest and experience in CS education. Preference given to under-represented populations. Send your 3 page proposal to fox@vt.edu by 4/30/97. A proposal for funding expenses is expected to be funded by the National Science Foundation. LOCATION: Virginia Tech, in the Donaldson Brown Center for Continuing Education and the Department of Computer Science, using a variety of labs, including those recently renovated through NSF Research Infrastructure grant for "Interactive Accessibility", and a CAVE (large VR environment). One event will be at scenic Mountain Lake. Blacksburg is in the Blue Ridge mountains of southwestern Virginia, 40 miles from Roanoke airport. SCHEDULE: Attendees arrive 6/15 and depart 6/21. Attendees receive 4 CEU credits for 40 hours of presentation, interactive activities, and discussion, plus evening access to labs (so groups can work to meet the educational development objectives of each attendee). COVERAGE: This workshop will enable attendees to set up WWW sites to support CS education, make use of the extensive courseware and lab materials developed at Virginia Tech and Norfolk State University since 1993, and to apply digital library and WWW logging methods for delivery and evaluation. There also will be coverage of other NSF Education Innovation WWW pages/projects. SPECIAL TOOLS: SWAN for algorithm visualization, QUIZIT for WWW test-taking, IDEAL for recording and studying users' video and computer logs, full professional digital video capture and editing system. TOPICAL AREAS: The most popular of the following topics will be covered. Where course numbers are given, these are new or EI-extended courses that could easily be offered at other sites, drawing on courseware at http://ei.cs.vt.edu/courses.html Analog / digital video editing CS labs CS1604 Intro to Internet CS3414 Numerical Methods CS3504 Professionalism (e.g. Computers and Society) CS3724 Intro to HCI CS4624 Multimedia, Hypertext, Information Access Digital Libraries IDEAL and usability testing Java and Java Script Log analysis and visualization Networking / WWW Administration QUIZIT (WWW-based interactive quizes) SWAN (algorithm visualization) GUIDELINES FOR PROPOSAL: We have an open first-come-first-served admission, but will give preference to: * those at minority institutions, * those working with minorities, * those who have the strongest institutional committment (e.g., promise from Dean or Dept. Head that innovations will be allowed / used, promise of release time to extend work), * those with interesting educational innovation ideas that fit in with our efforts, * those with background and experience that indicates they can benefit from the workshop. ********** III.C.1. Fr: European Network in Language and Speech Re: Bursaries ELSNET Summer School ELSNET's Fifth European Summer School on Language and Speech Communication LEXICON DEVELOPMENT FOR LANGUAGE AND SPEECH PROCESSING, LEUVEN 14-25 JULY 1997 !!BURSARIES!! ELSNET has successfully applied for a TMR (Training and Mobility of Researchers) grant to provide bursaries to participants of the ELSNET summer school (total 30.000 ECU for 1997). Each bursary will cover the cost for travel, accommodation, subsistence and fee. Because this opportunity will allow more people to participate, we have extended the deadline for subscription to the summer school and for the application of bursaries until *** MAY 12, 1997 *** CONDITIONS: It is ELSNET's aim to put special emphasis on activities which will ensure equal access to the Information Society for all European citizens and language communities. As a result, applicants from the following categories will be given priority: - young researchers from less-favoured regions - young researchers from the smaller and 'less-favoured' language communities - young researchers employed by SME's A limited number of grants can be made available for participants not belonging to one of the above categories. In that case, the applicant should motivate in what way his/her participation will contribute to equal access to the Information Society for all European citizens and language communities. In addition, applicants should be nationals of an EU Member State or of an Associate State. HOW TO PROCEED: Please send your application, together with your registration form for the summer school (which can be found at the Summer School Home Page) to the Summer School Secretariat (cf below). It should contain a concise motivation with respect to the conditions given above, plus an estimate of costs to be covered by the bursary, and it should state the applicants' nationality. Participants who already registered for the Summer School can also apply for a grant. In that case, please indicate on your application that registration was already done. All applications will be considered by a small committee with representatives from ELSNET, ESCA and EACL. Decisions are expected by May 26, 1997. Further information and forms can be obtained through URL http://www.ccl.kuleuven.ac.be/ess97/ess97.html or by contacting: ELSNET Summer School Secretariat c/o Centre for Computational Linguistics Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Maria-Theresiastraat 21 B-3000 Leuven fax: +32-16-32.50.98 email: ess97@ccl.kuleuven.ac.be ********************************************************** IV. PROJECTS IV.C.1. Fr: Maria Zemankova Re: US Junior Faculty: NSF CAREER/PECASE Proposals The NSF Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program and Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) Program are a Foundation-wide activity that supports junior faculty within the context of their overall career development. It combines the support of research and education of the highest quality and in the broadest sense. This is to let you know as soon as possible that the NSF CAREER/PECASE Program Guidelines (NSF 97-87) are now available in ASCII version on the NSF Web Site (http://www.nsf.gov) under "Documents Online" (http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1997/nsf9787/nsf9787.txt). (This will be converted to html and made more attractive in the next few days, and will be "linked in and to" as appropriate.) Home Pages for CAREER and for PECASE have been created. These can be accessed by clicking on 'Crosscutting Programs' on the NSF Main Menu (http://www.nsf.gov), and then selecting either CAREER or PECASE. Program announcements, press releases, and lists of awardees are available there. MOST IMPORTANTLY, the CAREER-FAQ is available there. You may find this helpful in answering some of your questions about the CAREER and PECASE programs. More specific questions should be directed to Division CAREER Contacts, listed in the CAREER/PECASE Program Guide. For the Division of Information, Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRI-0502), the CAREER Contact is Dr. Howard Moraff , 703-306-1928. Printed copies of the NSF CAREER/PECASE Program Guidelines (NSF 97-87) are expected around April 15, and can be requested from . Please note that there are two substantive changes to the program this year. ** PROPOSAL DEADLINE is JULY 22, 1997. This has been advanced from the October deadline of previous years. This is a RECEIPT deadline. ** THE COVER SHEET OF THE PROPOSAL MUST BE SUBMITTED ELECTRONICALLY USING FastLane. This applies also to those submitting paper copies of the proposal. (For those submitting the whole proposal electronically, of course, the cover sheet is also submitted that way.) Please address your questions about electronic submission to for assistance. ********** IV.C.2. Fr: Re: USIA Fulbright Senior Scholar Program FULBRIGHT SCHOLAR PROGRAM: INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR U.S. FACULTY AND PROFESSIONALS IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE Reminder: August 1 Deadline Approaching for the 1998-99 Competition VISIT THE WEB SITE: Program information and the listing of 1998-99 opportunities can be accessed via the Fulbright Scholar Program Web site at http://www.cies.org SUMMARY: Below is a brief description of Fulbright grants for U.S. citizens to engage in lecturing and advanced research worldwide. These grants are excellent professional development opportunities and provide funding to pursue professional interests abroad. FULBRIGHT GRANTS FOR U.S. FACULTY AND PROFESSIONALS DESCRIPTION: Over 700 awards for college and university faculty and nonacademic professionals to lecture or pursue advanced research and/or related professional activity abroad. For U.S. candidates, grants are available in over 120 countries. APPLICATION DEADLINE: U.S. candidates have an August 1 deadline for lecturing or research awards. Non-U.S. candidates apply in their home country for awards to come to the United States. AREAS OF INTEREST: Opportunities exist in every area of the social sciences, arts and humanities, sciences, and many professional fields. Fulbright-supported activities include undergraduate and graduate teaching, individual advanced research, joint research collaboration, and more. BASIC ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS: Ph.D. or equivalent professional/terminal degree at the time of application and U.S. citizenship (permanent residency is not sufficient). For professionals and artists outside academe, recognized professional standing comparable to that associated with the doctorate in higher education is required, unless otherwise noted in the individual award description. College or university teaching experience is expected at the level and in the field of the advertised assignment or proposed lecturing activity for lecturing and combined lecturing/research awards. GRANT DURATION: Awards range in duration from two months to twelve months. Most lecturing assignments are for an academic term/semester or a full academic year. LANGUAGE: Foreign language proficiency may be expected as specified in the award description or as required for the completion of the proposed lecturing or research project. The majority of teaching assignments are in English. The major exceptions are Central and South America, where Spanish is usually required, and francophone Africa, where one is expected to be fluent in French. ACTION: U.S. candidates may view detailed descriptions of award opportunities and request application materials via the Fulbright Scholar Program Web site: http://www.cies.org Requests for hard copy of the awards booklet and application forms can be made by E-mail: cies1@ciesnet.cies.org (Requests for mailing of materials only!) Telephone: 202/686-7877 U.S. mail: USIA Fulbright Senior Scholar Program Council for International Exchange of Scholars Box INET 3007 Tilden St., NW, Suite 5M Washington, DC 20008-3009 Non-U.S. candidates must contact the Fulbright commission or U.S. embassy in their home country to apply for grants in the U.S. ********** IV.D.1. Fr: David Green Re: Announcement of NHA Principles "BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR MANAGING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT" http://www-ninch.cni.org/ISSUES/COPYRIGHT/PRINCIPLES/NHA_Complete.html In an effort to build consensus within the educational community on the uses of copyrighted works in the digital environment, the National Humanities Alliance (NHA) has prepared a document of basic principles it believes can be used as an effective guide for the community for at least the immediate future. The document was created by the NHA's Committee on Libraries and Intellectual Property. Mostly representing institutions within higher education, the Committee believes that the developed principles apply to a wider educational community--including primary and secondary schools, independent research laboratories, faculty and students, and independent scholars. The Principles were derived, with permission, from the University of California's draft document, "Copyright Legislation and Scholarly Communication: Basic Principles," . Printed copies of the Principles will shortly be available from NHA at 21 Dupont Circle, NW, 6th floor, Washington, DC 20036; tel: 202/296-4994. The National Humanities Alliance (NHA) was created in 1981 to unify public interest in support of federal programs in the humanities. The Alliance is composed of scholarly and professional organizations; organizations of museums, libraries, historical socieities, higher education and state humanities councils; university and independent centers for scholarship and other organizations concerned with national humanities policies. The Alliance is strictly nonpartisan. ********************************************************** IRLIST Digest is distributed from the University of California, Division of Library Automation, 300 Lakeside Drive, Oakland, CA. 94612-3550. Send subscription requests and submissions to: NCGUR@UCCMVSA.UCOP.EDU Editorial Staff: Clifford Lynch calur@uccmvsa.ucop.edu Nancy Gusack ncgur@uccmvsa.ucop.edu The IRLIST Archives is set up for anonymous FTP. Using anonymous FTP via the host ftp.dla.ucop.edu, the files will be found in the directory /data/ftp/pub/irl, stored in subdirectories by year (e.g., data/ftp/pub/irl/1993). Search or browse archived IR-L Digest issues on the Web at: http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/idom/irlist/ These files are not to be sold or used for commercial purposes. Contact Nancy Gusack for more information on IRLIST. THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED IN IRLIST DO NOT REPRESENT THOSE OF THE EDITORS OR THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. AUTHORS ASSUME FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR