Information Retrieval List Digest 149 (February 2, 1993) URL = http://hegel.lib.ncsu.edu/stacks/serials/irld/irld-149 IRLIST Digest ISSN 1064-6965 February 2, 1993 Volume X, Number 8 Issue 149 ********************************************************** I. NOTICES A. Meeting Announcements/Calls for Papers 1. 3rd International Workshop on Human & Machine Cognition B. Publications 1. New Book: After the Electronic Revolution, Will You Be the First to Go? 2. RLG's New Search System Debuts at Dartmouth 3. Call for Papers for Spatial Systems Issue of JASIS II. QUERIES B. Requests for Information 1. Text Search and Retrieval Engines [Response to II.B.2., IR-L Issue 148] III. JOB ANNOUNCEMENTS 1. Eurolang ********************************************************** I. NOTICES I.A.1. Fr: Thomas Cowin Re: Workshop_on_Expertise CALL FOR PAPERS The Third International Workshop on Human & Machine Cognition Expertise in Context: Human & Machine Seaside, Florida -- MAY 13-15, 1993 Hosted by the Institute for the Interdisciplinary Study of Human & Machine Cognition at The University of West Florida Several disciplines share an interest in understanding the concept of expertise. For instance, computerized "expert systems" form the best known applications of AI (artificial intelligence), in fact, the concept of an 'expert system' has become so prevalent that many people have come to equate the whole of AI with them. But what is the expertise that expert systems can be said to have? This raises many questions. The workshop will focus on the concept of expertise with special emphasis on implications for the AI and cognitive science research communities. Some interpret the history, philosophy, and sociology of science as challenging the confidence we have placed in our traditional methods of generating knowledge. For example, history informs us that knowledge is highly fragile, that it is at the mercy of shifts in historical context, and that yesterday's experts are today's museum pieces. So how can we have high confidence in modern expertise? Expertise develops, and is labeled as such, in a social context. Nevertheless, we all act as if we believe that some expert knowledge is more than merely social construction. What is the relation between the individual and group processes involved in knowledge in general and expertise in particular? What is the relation between the acquisition of individual expertise and the acquisition of group expertise, for example, by a firm or industry? Recent work in psychology has focused on the cognitive strategies that separate novices from experts, and the mechanisms by which expertise is acquired. Fundamental debates in statistics and psychology have concerned the measurement and assessment of expertise. What (if anything) do the empirical tools of psychology and the observational skills of ethnomethodology tell us about expertise and how it is acquired? How does 'expertise' differ from mere 'knowledge'? Do the differences have to do with skill level? With domain? With social practices concerning deference, respect or authority? How can expertise be assessed and compared? Can experts be calibrated? What is required for a domain to admit expertise at all? And finally, what are the specific implications of various theories of expertise for those engaged in the design and construction of knowledge-based systems? What are the representational ramifications for the knowledge engineer of the widespread observation that expert reasoning seems to differ qualitatively from novice reasoning? How are the computer instantiations of expertise related to human expertise and knowledge? Some work in machine learning is aimed at developing systems that independently acquire expertise by use of statistical or inductive methods - can this be said to be expertise? The workshop on "Expertise in Context: Human & Machine" will bring together researchers from diverse areas to consider these important questions. Other topics of interest include the following: Situated cognition & expertise Are experts Bayesian? Novice-expert shift Cognitive models of expertise Issues of expert bias Expertise as an attribution Expertise & negative metaknowledge Constructivist vs. Realist views of expertise Episodic memory and expertise Expertise for animal intelligences only? The workshop will be kept small - about 45 participants. In general, attendance will be limited to those presenting their work: one author per paper. The contribution of each presenter will be considered for inclusion as a chapter in a subsequent edited volume. Three copies of an extended abstract (from 5 to 8 pages) should be sent to Ken Ford (address below) before February 28, 1993. Send papers to: Kenneth Ford, Workshop Chair The University of West Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition 11000 University Parkway Pensacola, Florida 32514 (904) 474-2551 fax: (904) 474-3023 email: kford@ai.uwf.edu Address questions about local arrangements to: Alberto Canas, Local Arrangements Chair The University of West Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition 11000 University Parkway Pensacola, Florida 32514 (904) 474-2253 fax: (904) 474-3023 email: acanas@ai.uwf.edu ********** I.B.1. Fr: Arnold Hirshon Re: NEW BOOK: After the Electronic Revolution, Will You Be the First to Go? ALCTS Announces Publication of AFTER THE ELECTRONIC REVOLUTION, WILL YOU BE THE FIRST TO GO? ALCTS announces the publication of AFTER THE ELECTRONIC REVOLUTION, WILL YOU BE THE FIRST TO GO?, the proceedings of the 1992 Association for Library Collections & Technical Services President's Program held on 29 June 1992 at the American Library Association Annual Conference in San Francisco, CA. The editor of the publication and 1991-1992 President of ALCTS is Arnold Hirshon, University Librarian at Wright State University in Dayton Ohio. The idea for the program was inspired by the pioneering work of those who have spoken and written about paradigm shifts, such as Thomas Kuhn and Joel Barker. Kuhn spoke about paradigm shifts in the scientific community, and Barker applied those observations to the world of management. Barker instructs us that when a paradigm shifts, our past success will guarantee nothing -- "When the paradigm shift occurs, everyone goes back to zero." The electronic revolution currently occurring in libraries is such a paradigm shift. In his introductory chapters, on "The Convergence of Publishing and Bibliographic Access," Hirshon provides the general perspective for the proceedings and sets forth a general premise that the information access is moving from an indirect two-stage process of searching-then-retrieving information to a direct process where the search of the index and the delivery of information is done virtually at the same time. The keynote speaker, Theodor Holm Nelson, coined both the term and the concept of hypertext over 25 years ago. Today he is actively engaged in Project Xanadu, a developmental project that seeks to create a world-wide electronic publishing network. In Nelson's presentation "You the Guardians of Literature Still," he addresses the changes in electronic communication and observes that the system of literature of which librarians have been the guardians is undergoing a paradigm shift. Nelson asserts that we are moving from a system of providing whole documents to one where the user purchases only separate pieces, with the quoted material bought from the publisher at the moment of request and with automatic royalty payment to the author. Peter S. Graham (Associate University Librarian for Technical and Networked Services at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) writes about "Intellectual Preservation in the Electronic Environment." Addressing the technical services perspective of libraries, Graham speaks particularly to the preservation of electronic information, and explores the implications to the profession when electronic texts remove the confidence that we have had in the past in the fixity of text in the print world. Thomas Duncan (Faculty Assistant for the Museum Informatics Project and Associate Professor of Integrative Biology at the University of California at Berkeley) writes on the "Implementation of Electronic Information Systems in Universities and the Implications for Change in Scholarly Research." Writing from the perspective of an informed user, Duncan notes that university faculty must develop a new structure for using electronic information, and this will have a serious impact on future research, teaching, and public service in universities. Susan K. Martin (University Librarian, Georgetown University) in "Librarians on a Tightrope: Getting from Here to There and Loosening Up in the Process," provides a public services administrator's perspective. Explicating the Council for Library Resources funded "Strategic Visions Statement," Martin notes that if librarianship is to assume responsibility for molding the information environment, we must take steps to reinforce and emphasize our leadership role, which is now minimal or nonexistent. These proceedings challenge all librarians to be electronic revolutionaries. The 1992 ALCTS President's Program was the first of two President's Programs to address the effects of electronic publishing on libraries. The second program will occur at the 1993 ALA Annual Conference. This 1992 program included a distinguished panel of individuals whose role was not to provide answers, but rather to raise questions about where information access is going both outside of librarianship and within it. It is up the reader to decide whether after the electronic revolution, will you be the first to go? To order AFTER THE ELECTRONIC REVOLUTION, WILL YOU BE THE FIRST TO GO?" (ISBN 0-8389-7650-6), please contact the ALA Order Department, 50 East Huron St., Chicago, IL 60611; telephone 800-545-2433, press 7. ********** I.B.2. Fr: Jennifer Porro Re: News from RLG RLG'S NEW SEARCH SYSTEM DEBUTS AT DARTMOUTH MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif., January 19, 1993 -- Eureka, the new patron-oriented search service from the Research Libraries Group (RLG), began its initial preview at Dartmouth College on Friday, January 15, and will be put through its paces by campus users for the next six months. Dartmouth users will have access to Eureka through the Dartmouth College Information System (DCIS), which is available campuswide on the campus network and over the Internet. Eureka, a new interface to the RLIN database, is easy for inexperienced users to use, yet powerful and flexible enough to satisfy sophisticated searchers. It provides easy searching by author, title, and subject and by more specialized elements, like CODEN and ISBN and ISSN numbers. Users can expand or narrow searches using Boolean operators and view search results in a choice of long or short formats. Online help guides users through searches step by step; no training or documentation is needed. Eureka has been designed for easy integration into existing local online library and campuswide information networks. It is accessible from any terminal or personal computer with VT100 terminal emulation; telecommunication options include the Internet, SprintNet, and the RLIN X.25 network. Beginning after ALA Midwinter, special six-month previews of Eureka will also be conducted at Columbia University, Emory University, Rutgers University, and University of Pennsylvania. By spring 1993, Eureka will also enable users to search CitaDel, RLG's article-citation and document-delivery service. Over the next six months, additional features will be added to Eureka. Eureka will be available for general use in September 1993 at rates comparable to RLIN searching fees. For further information, please contact Bruce Washburn, Research Libraries Group, 415-691-2272, email bl.btw@rlg.bitnet or bl.btw@rlg.stanford.edu; fax 415-964-0943. ********** I.B.3. Fr: Myke Gluck Re: Papers for Spatial Systems Issue of JASIS CALL FOR PAPERS Special Topics Issue of _JASIS_ on Spatial Information Systems JASIS = Journal of the American Society for Information Science Spatial information systems include geographic information systems (GIS), remote-sensing (RS), global positioning systems (GPS), automated manufacturing facilities management (AM/FM), and advanced navigational systems. These have become a billion dollar a year industry just in the U.S. Such systems are having major impacts in the way individuals, governments, not-for-profit and for-profit corporations collect, use, and monitor spatial information. Papers are solicited on topics on particular aspects of the representation, storage, retrieval, cognitive processing, or management of spatial information. Articles should represent original research (theoretical or empirical), focusing upon a particular aspect of this broad and growing interdisciplinary domain. TOPICS OF INTEREST INCLUDE: Knowledge representation for spatial data Research in storage and retrieval of spatial data Developments in telecommunication and network use of spatial data Research in combining spatial and non-spatial data for resolving personal information needs (e.g., in-car navigation or recreational uses) Empirical and theoretical work related to user interfaces and query languages for spatial data Empirical work in cognitive metaphors for navigation that apply human wayfinding abilities Developments in 3D, multimedia GIS, and animation for spatial data Spatial decision support tools or spatial groupware issues Research and developments in standards for spatial data Research in the role of spatial data in environmental issues Research related to the storage, retrieval, management, and cognitive behavior in using spatial information FOUR COPIES OF THE MANUSCRIPT SHOULD BE SENT TO: Dr. Myke Gluck School of Library and Information Studies R-106, 101 Louis Shores Building Florida State University Tallahassee, FL 32306-2048 (904) 644-5775 Voice (904) 644-9763 Fax Email: mgluck@LIS.FSU.EDU The deadline for accepting manuscripts for consideration for publication is August 31, 1993. All manuscripts will be reviewed by a select panel of referees, and those accepted will be published in a special issue of the _Journal of the American Society for Information Science_ (JASIS). Of course, original artwork and a signed copy of the copyright release form will be required for all accepted papers. Myke Gluck (email MGLUCK@LIS.FSU.EDU) School of Library & Information Studies "...the end of all our exploring 244 Louis Shores Building will be to arrive where we Florida State University started and know the place for Tallahassee, Florida 32306-2048 USA the first time." -- T.S. Eliot Ph 1-904-644-5775(W) 1-904-942-8277(H) ********************************************************** II. QUERIES II.B.1. Fr: Mark Zimmermann Re: Text Search and Retrieval Engines In response to queries in IRList Digest of 26 Jan 93, there are several options, but much depends on specific needs ... Liam Quin (lee@sq.com) has 'lq-text', a free search system for UNIX machines ... I think that the WAIS (Wide Area Information Server) folks have free searchers for many types of systems ... I have written some little (2000 lines of C) simple programs to build inverted-index files and retrieve with them, which are also free and which run on UNIX, VMS, Mac, etc., but the user interface is poor except on the Macintosh where I have a nice front-end using HyperCard ... I will forward the queries to a discussion group ("PARA" --- to join, send mail to "PARA-REQUEST@cs.cmu.edu") where some of us sporadically talk about free-text IR issues ... bottom line is, as always, you can get something for free, perhaps something extraordinarily fine, but you are likely to have to work harder yourself to understand and customize and use the free software, and you are likely to have to pay for support, as the developers don't get your money and don't have spare time to hold hands ... in some cases, there may be restrictions on commercial use (e.g., GNU General Public License) .... Best, ^z ********************************************************** III. JOB ANNOUNCEMENTS III.1. Fr: Simon Sabbagh Re: Job:Eurolang MACHINE TRANSLATION R&D Opportunities Within the framework of the EUROLANG project (100 Million ECU), jointly managed by SITE, the European leader in multilingual, multimedia technical documentation, and SIEMENS NIXDORF, one of the major European corporations in the field of computer technology, we are now in a second phase of recruitment of: - Computational linguists with practical experience in writing computational grammars (for English, German and French). - Computational linguists with practical experience in the following fields: . Machine translation . Parsers / Generators . Corpus analysis / Sublanguage methodologies / Terminology . Statistics-based NL processing - Computational lexicographers with practical experience of writing bi-lingual computational dictionaries for natural language processing purposes (for English, German and French). Successful candidates will be based in Paris, France, at the R&D offices of SITE. Several posts are available. Salaries shall be commensurate with experience. Applicants should have a good first degree and post-graduate qualifications (or appropriate experience) in relevant fields, and should preferably have good experience of relevant project work in industry or academia. Experience of multilingual natural language processing would be a distinct advantage. Eurolang is a EUREKA project involving a large European consortium of major IT companies and well-known research institutes. Emphasis in the project is on the development of a commercial machine translation system, appropriate support tools and large-scale linguistic resources, using state-of-the-art technology. Thus, preference will be given to candidates offering practical experience in the field and a commitment to working in an industrial R&D environment. Letters of application, including 2 copies of a Curriculum Vitae and the names of two referees, should be sent to: Simon Sabbagh SITE 2,rue Louis-Pergaud F-94700 Maisons Alfort Cedex FRANCE from whom further details may be obtained. SITE is an equal opportunities employer. ********************************************************** IRLIST Digest is distributed from the University of California, Division of Library Automation, 300 Lakeside Drive, Oakland, CA. 94612-3550. Send subscription requests to: LISTSERV@UCCVMA.BITNET Send submissions to IRLIST to: IR-L@UCCVMA.BITNET Editorial Staff: Clifford Lynch calur@uccmvsa.ucop.edu or calur@uccmvsa.bitnet Nancy Gusack ncgur@uccmvsa.bitnet Mary Engle meeur@uccmvsa.bitnet The IRLIST Archives will be set up for anonymous FTP, and the address will be announced in future issues. To access back issues presently, send the message INDEX IR-L to LISTSERV@UCCVMA.BITNET. 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