Infosys v3n005 (February 15, 1996) URL = http://hegel.lib.ncsu.edu/stacks/serials/infosys/infs-v3n005 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * INFOSYS: The Electronic Newsletter for Information Systems * * Volume 3, Number 5 ISSN: 1173-3764 February 15, 1996 * * * * Editor: Dennis W. Viehland, Massey University, New Zealand * * Listowners: Greg Welsh, American University, Washington DC * * Peter M. Weiss, Penn State * * Sponsor: boyd & fraser publishing, Danvers, Massachusetts * * * * Current Subscribers = 5,000 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS * * * * * * * * * * * * * EDITOR'S NOTE - Clearing a backlog of CFPs * * CALL FOR PAPERS - Assoc for Info Systems - Americas Conference * * CALL FOR PAPERS - DSS/AI/Expert Systems Track, DSI Annual Meeting * * CALL FOR PAPERS - Integration of Enterprise Info and Processes * * CALL FOR PAPERS - Symposium on Business Process Modelling * * CALL FOR PAPERS - International Assoc for Computer Info Systems * * CALL FOR PAPERS - User-Centered Cooperative Systems * * CALL FOR PAPERS - AI in Workflow Management * * CALL FOR PAPERS - Emerging Information Systems and Technologies * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * EDITOR'S NOTE - Clearing a backlog of CFPs * * Dennis Viehland, Massey University * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * During the past fortnight a backlog of conference and journal calls for papers (CFPs) has accumulated. To clear this backlog this issue of INFOSYS and next Monday's issue will be devoted exclusively to CFPs. INFOSYS readers with no interest in increasing the size of their CVs can exercise the delete option until regular features -- news, position announcements, requests for assistance -- return in v3 n7. For the rest of us, read on because there are *lots* of opportunities here to share your work with others. \EOA * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * CALL FOR PAPERS - Assoc for Info Systems - Americas Conference * * Andy Philippakis, Arizona State University * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Association for Information Systems 2nd Americas Conference August 16-18, 1996 Phoenix, Arizona We are pleased to report the acceptance of twenty-one Mini-Tracks for the 1996 Americas Conference on Information Systems to be held in Phoenix, Arizona on August 16-18. The purpose of Mini-Tracks is to stimulate "grass roots" collaboration in the development of the 1996 Program. Mini-Track Chairs have been and will continue to be posting details on their Mini-Track to their favorite listservs, and colleagues interested in contributing submissions are encouraged to contact Mini-Track Chairs directly. The AIS America's Conference home page can be found at http://hsb.baylor.edu/ramsower/acis/ Important dates: Submission due date: March 1, 1996 Notification of acceptance: April 15, 1996 Camera ready copy due: May 24, 1996 Following are the accepted Mini-Tracks, Mini-Track Chairs, e-mail addresses and URLs for additional information, if available: --Managing IS Challenges Resulting from Emerging Technologies and Critical Issues Herman P. Hoplin, Syracuse University --Global Information Technology Management Track Prashant Palvia, Univ of Memphis CFP: http://hsb.baylor.edu/ramsower/ais.ac.96/gmgt-mt.htm --Geographic Information Systems Brian E. Mennecke, East Carolina Univ and Lisa Murphy, Indiana University CFP: http://www.ecu.edu/~dcbrian/aisgis.html --Database, Performance, Decision-Support John Hoxmeier, Colorado State Univ --Artificial Intelligence Applications in Business Decision Processes Ravi Krovi, North Carolina A&T State Univ and Akhilesh Chandra and Balaji Rajagopalan CFP: http://hsb.baylor.edu/ramsower/ais.ac.96/ai-mt.htm --Information Visualization Ping Zhang, Syracuse University CFP: http://web.syr.edu/~pzhang/ais96.html --Software Process Improvement Gene McGuire and Rick Gibson, The American University --Innovations In Teamwork For Process Improvement Shirley Becker, The American University --Collaboration Technologies Leonard M. Jessup, Indiana University , Joseph S. Valacich, Indiana University and Alan Dennis, University of Georgia CFP: http://ezinfo.ucs.indiana.edu/~ljessup/aiscall.html --Multimedia Training Systems J. P. Shim, Mississippi State Univ and Sun-Gi Chun, Alabama State Univ CFP: http://hsb.baylor.edu/ramsower/ais.ac.96/mm-mt.htm --Philosophical Foundations of Information Systems: Cumulative Traditions and Continuing Developments. James F. Courtney, Texas A & M University CFP: http://hsb.baylor.edu/ramsower/ais.ac.96/found-mt.htm --Adoption and Infusion of Telework. Yen, Higa, and Bui --Information Systems Strategy and Implementation. D. Lance Revenaugh, City Univ of Hong Kong --Information Systems Advances in Asia. Jack Schleich, City Univ of Hong Kong --Business Process Reengineering, Legacy System Conversions, IT Reengineering John A. Hoxmeier and Margaret Cowden, Colorado State University --Information Systems Research in a School of Social Sciences Angeliki Poulymenakou --Learning Systems Thomas E. Sandman, California State University-Sacramento and Nancy McQuillen, University of Colorado CFP: http://hsb.baylor.edu/ramsower/ais.ac.96/learn-mt.htm --Advancements in Systems Development Methodologies T. Rojas, Simon Bolivar University and M. Perez, Simon Bolivar University --Object Development and Distribution Jerry Fjermestad, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Marie A. Lenzi, Object Magazine <70754.1111@compuserve.com> and Ajaz Rana, New Jersey Institute of Technology CFP: http://hsb.baylor.edu/ramsower/ais.ac.96/odd-mt.htm --Heterogeneous Database Interoperability Ramesh Venkataraman, University of Maryland Baltimore County --Decision Making Under Time Pressure Stephen Hayne, Arizona State University and Cap Smith CFP: http://www.west.asu.edu/hayne/ais/ In addition to Mini-Tracks, IS Colleagues have the opportunity to contribute submissions to General Area Chairs. Submission details are available at http://hsb.baylor.edu/ramsower/ais.ac.96 Following are the names and e-mail addresses of the Program Area Chairs: --Research Papers, Organizational Focus: Joey George, Florida State University --Research Papers, Technical Focus: Sudha Ram, University of Arizona --Research in Progress Papers, Organizational Focus: Diane Strong, Worcester Polytechnic Institute --Research in Progress Papers, Technical Focus: H. Michael Chung, California State University --Technology Briefings: Al Bento, University of Baltimore --Technology/Curriculum/Professional Development Workshops: James R. Coakley, Oregon State University --Software/Technology Demonstrations: Kenneth E. Kendall, Rutgers Univ --Topical Panels: Leo Pipino, University of Massachusetts --Tutorials: Mark Frolick, University of Memphis --Ph.D Research Mini-Track: Joseph S. Valacich, Indiana University http://copper.ucs.indiana.edu/~valacich/aisphd.html --CIO Forum: Harvey Shrednick, Arizona State Univ --MIS Camp: James Hershauer, Arizona State University William C. Perkins, Indiana University --IS Connection: Eileen Dennis, University of Georgia \EOA * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * CALL FOR PAPERS - DSS/AI/Expert Systems Track, DSI Annual Meeting * * Arun Sen, Texas A&M University * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * DSS/AI/Expert Systems Track Decision Support Institute Annual Meeting November 24-26, 1996 Orlando, Florida As the chair of the DSS/AI/Expert Systems Track for the 1996 DSI Annual Meeting in Orlando, I am inviting all IS professionals and DSI members to participate in this track's activities. The DSS/AI/Expert Systems track continues to grow in both size and quality, and I want to encourage you to be a part of this by submitting your creative ideas and research findings in the form of papers and/or program proposals. All papers and program proposals (3 copies) should be submitted to the program chair, Dr. Lori Franz, by March 1, 1996. Further information is available at or from me at the contact points listed below. In addition, I would like to encourage you to serve as either a paper reviewer, paper discussant, and/or session chair. A form is available from me for you to indicate those areas in which you are interested in participating, as well as your areas of interest in the field of DSS/AI/Expert Systems. Please return it to me by March 1, 1996 (updated date). Arun Sen Department of Business Analysis College of Business Administration and Graduate School of Business Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 77843 Voice: 409-845-8370 Fax: 409-845-5653 E-mail: sen@tamvm1.tamu.edu \EOA * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * CALL FOR PAPERS - Integration of Enterprise Info and Processes * * JoAnne Yates, Massachusetts Institute of Technology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * International Working Conference on Integration of Enterprise Information and Processes (IPIC'96) "Rethinking Documents" November 14-15, 1996 Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA This conference will be the first in a series that addresses "integration issues" of enterprises in the context of their increasingly distributed business and operational processes. More specifically, the series addresses issues of "information integration" (creation of new, value-added information out of existing information), "process integration" (reorganization of structural relationships among enterprise process entities for enhanced performance), and synergy between information integration and process integration. The focus of the '96 meeting is on the role of documents in process integration (ie, how documents and information contained in documents can be most effectively utilized in analysis, design, and implementation of processes for enhanced integration). There is an emerging notion of "document information" in the industry that is considered to be a key class of information for enabling process integration. It represents a large class of corporate information (typically over 70%), and is characterized by its strong process orientation and high business values. Yet, unlike relational data that the industry has learned to manage well, document information is typically left outside the discipline of database management due to its complexity in structure and lifecycle. This situation, however, is changing thanks to emerging network middleware technology and related document services such as document database management, document flow management, and document information interchange (via standards such as HTML and more generally SGML). It is, therefore, particularly timely to consider the role of documents in process integration and attempt to harness the business value of document information. Conference Web Page For further articulation of the Conference issues and topics and full paper submission requirements, please visit our Web page at http://www.iti.gov.sg/conference/ipic96.html. Since the '96 meeting is the first one in a series, we have included in the Web page a more detailed account of the Conference: motivations for the general theme of the Conference and for its '96 focus, a set of working definitions for its key concepts. The Web page also contains submission requirements fore extended abstracts (one to two single-spaced pages) for papers on the Conference topics in the following categories: --Issues/vision papers: pointing out directions for future practice/research in the topics of the Conference. --User experience papers: detailed actual experience papers pointing out what organizations are currently doing with available technology and standards. --Research papers: original, in-depth studies on the Conference and related topics. --Proposals for breakout sessions (send separately to Chan Meng Khoong at chanmeng@iti.gov.sg) To encourage practitioner participation, extended abstracts for presentation without commitment to a full paper extension. Send your abstracts electronically in plain ascii to ipic96@iti.gov.sg, by March 18th, 1996. Key Dates March 18, 1996: Full paper abstracts and presentation abstracts due April 15, 1996: Notification of abstract acceptance for full paper submission and presentation June 3, 1996: Full papers received July 29, 1996: Notification of full paper acceptance for presentation August 26, 1996: Final versions of accepted papers received \EOA * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * CALL FOR PAPERS - Symposium on Business Process Modelling * * Eberhard Stickel * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * International Symposium on Business Process Modelling: Interaction between Business Process Modelling and Close Applications October 10, 1996 Cottbus, Germany Business Process Modelling is a key success issue for today's companies and organizations. It was realized that significant improvements may result as a consequence of careful analysis and redesign of existing business processes. This does not only hold for administrative but also for manufacturing processes. Analyzing existing processes requires modelling methods as well as modelling tools. Process improvement calls for methodologies to determine the value a certain process has for a company. Existing applications need to be combined in order to generate support for the whole workflow that is initiated. The goal of the International Symposium on Business Process Modelling is to bring together researchers and practioners from the areas of --Business process modelling --Business process evaluation --Strategic business planning --Process cost analysis --Quality management --Workflow management --Software engineering --Data and process modelling --Manufacturing simulation in order to discuss the interaction and the relevance of these areas for Business Process Modelling. The Symposium is part of the International Entity Relationship Conference, October 7-10. Detailed Information about the Symposium is available on WWW: http://www.iit.tu-cottbus.de/bpm-er96 Symposium Organization: Irene Krebs (Brandenburg Technical University of Cottbus) E-mail: krebs@iit.tu-cottbus.de Authors are requested to submit four copies of their paper (at most 5000 words) by March 29, 1996. Submissions should be written in English. Authors will be notified of acceptance or rejection by May 6, 1996. The final camera-ready manuscript is due June 28, 1996. Submissions should be sent to: Prof. Dr. Bernd Scholz-Reiter Industrial Information Systems Brandenburg Technical University of Cottbus P.O. Box 10 13 44 D-03013 Cottbus Germany Voice: +49 355 69 3134 Fax: +49 335 69 3135 E-mail: bsr@iit.tu-cottbus.de or Prof. Dr. Eberhard Stickel Dept. of Information Systems Europa-University Viadrina P.O. Box 776 D-15207 Frankfurt (Oder) Germany Voice: +49 335 5534 358 Fax: +49 335 5534 357 E-mail: stickel@euv-frankfurt-o.de \EOA * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * CALL FOR PAPERS - International Assoc for Computer Info Systems * * Thomas Hilton, Utah State University * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Annual Conference of the International Association for Computer Information Systems "Information Systems and Global Exchange" September 26-28, 1996 Golden Nugget, Las Vegas, Nevada The theme for IACIS '96 is Information Systems and Global Exchange, a theme that provides us with the opportunity to examine IT's role in international communication, competition, cooperation, and a host of other areas. Types of Submissions Accepted: --Full pedagogy or research papers --Paper abstracts (including research in progress) --Panel presentation proposals --Workshop proposals --Round table discussion proposals Some Appropriate Presentation Topics: --Communications and Networking --Computer-Supported Cooperative Work --Database Design and Implementation --Decision Support Systems --Educational Issues in Information Systems --Ethics Issues in Information Systems --Expert Systems --Global Communication Systems --Management of Information Systems --Management Science Applications --MIS Instruction --Multimedia/Hypermedia --System Analysis and Design --System Implementation --System Integration --System Security Proposals for workshops, panel presentations, and round table discussions should provide a general overview of the session's objectives and activities. All proposal submissions are refereed. Submission Requirements: --Send three copies of your submission. --Limit papers to eight single-spaced pages. --Limit abstracts to one single-spaced page. --Follow APA style guidelines. --Provide contact information for the first author (address, phone number, and Internet address). The first author is the contact author unless otherwise noted. Submission Deadline: April 1, 1996 Submit papers to: Thomas Hilton IACIS '96 Program Chair BISE Department Utah State University Logan, UT 84322-3515 \EOA * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * CALL FOR PAPERS - User-Centered Cooperative Systems * * Michael McNeese, Armstrong Lab * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Current Research in User-Centered Cooperative Systems Special Topics Issue of the Journal of the American Society for Information Science (JASIS) Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) systems are often only formulated from the perspective of "because it is possible", rather than from the perspective of the users the system is intended to support. Past history suggests that when system developers fail to consider the mutual effects of cognitive, social, informational, and contextual factors, dire circumstances are frequently experienced. Responses to this dilemma may be diverse in nature (use of ubiquitous computing, intelligent tutoring, group decision support technologies, etc) and span across a variety of applications (e.g., cooperative learning, concurrent engineering / design teams, and the military command and control, to name a few). This special issue is intended to document innovative and successful theoretical and / or practical approaches for designing user-centered cooperative systems. Papers are solicited on topics which will address research and development issues focusing on user-centered cooperative systems as informed by new user-theoretic perspectives, user-centered techniques, real world field studies, or experimental research paradigms designed to study cooperative systems. Topics of interest include (but are not limited to) the following: --The social construction of knowledge --Affordances / ecological psychology --Participatory design --Electronic-mediated communication --Situated cognition --Cognitive engineering --Case-based reasoning --Human computer interaction --Generative learning --Naturalistic decision making Although preference will be given to research articles, including both experimental and case-based studies, state of the art reviews and literature-based papers on cooperative systems are also acceptable. Inquiries and manuscript submissions (four paper copies of full articles) should be addressed to: Dr. Michael D. McNeese Armstrong Laboratory Human Engineering Division (AL/CFHI) Building 248 2255 H Street Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433 Voice: (513) 255-8805 Fax: (513) 255-9198 Email: mmcneese@falcon.aamrl.wpafb.af.mil The deadline for accepting manuscripts for consideration for publication is now April 15, 1996. All manuscripts will be reviewed by a select panel of referees, and those accepted will be published in a special issue of the Journal of the American Society for Information Science (JASIS). \EOA * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * CALL FOR PAPERS - AI in Workflow Management * * S Kirn, Tech Univ Ilmenau * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * AI in Workflow Management Part of 12th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence August 12-16, 1996 Budapest, Hungary Efficient and successful business process management is one of the major challenges companies are faced with all over the world today. Business processes are the basis upon which enterprises (re-)organize their structures, production processes, adaptation to changing demands of customers and their relationships to other players on worldwide markets. Within business process management major tasks are the analysis, design, formal representation, simulation, monitoring, automation, control and documentation of business processes. Workflow management involves a lot of issues that may require the use of techniques from AI such as knowledge representation and reasoning, interpretation of workflow models in different contextes, scheduling and control of workflows in dynamic environments, etc. Until today, this perspective has not been considered yet in depth. On the other hand, the concept of workflows is considered being one of the most important approaches for information system development today. It thus is a major challenge to application-oriented AI research to base on sound competence in workflow technology. The workshop seeks to identify how AI can contribute to make workflow management more effective, and more intelligent as it is today. A further important aim of the workshop is to initiate a debate, how concepts and techniques from AI can support the development of future, intelligent workflow management systems. Those wishing to attend should submit an original paper of up to five thousand words, to arrive no later than April 19, 1996. Detailed formatting instructions are available from the workshop coordinator. Those wishing to attend without presenting a paper should send a brief summary of their background, why they wish to attend, and what their contribution to the workshop could be. Note that attendance will, of necessity, be limited. Everyone attending the workshop is required to register for the main conference. Submission Deadlines Paper submission / participation application to arrive no later than April 19, 1996. Notification of Acceptance no later than May 24, 1996. Please send all correspondence to the workshop coordinator: Stefan Kirn Technical University Ilmenau Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Oeconomicum D-98684 Ilmenau GERMANY Voice: ++49 / 3677 69-4040 Fax: ++49 / 3677 69-4204 E-mail: stefan.kirn@wirtschaft.tu-ilmenau.de WWW: http://nobile.wirtschaft.tu-ilmenau.de/text/wi2/kirn.html \EOA * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * CALL FOR PAPERS - Emerging Information Systems and Technologies * * Andrew Blair, Editor, IDSS Newsletter * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Emerging Information Systems and Technologies: Current Uses, Potential Influences, and Future Organizational Prospects Special Issue of the Journal of Decision Sciences The last five years have witnessed an explosion of new information technologies including multimedia, wireless communication, and a range of new information systems to expand and support accomplishment of organizational work both in the U.S. and internationally. The variety of information technologies, and their use, influences, and support of organizational decision making are raising important theoretical and practical questions concerning how managers and others are currently using these technologies and systems; what their potential costs, drawbacks, and benefits are to decision makers and their organizations; and how new information technologies and systems can be developed and then used to improve organizational effectiveness, support the conduct of international business, and change the quality of work life. Many of these information technologies are basic communication building blocks such as voice mail, e-mail, and wireless communication including phones and faxes; and some of the information technologies combine these basic elements along with networks of personal computers in unique and functional ways. One prime example is the use of groupware (group support software) in organizations, specifically, the widely-used proprietary package Lotus Notes. New business ventures on the Internet, including the creation and maintenance of home pages on the World Wide Web; creation and use of hypertext and hypermedia systems for library and other searches are all examples of emerging information technologies that are rapidly changing the way decision makers in organizations work. Another example is the off-site, home employee production unit made possible by teleworking. Either theoretical or empirical papers that research the use, influence, development, potential problems, media choice issues, or which examine the future of emerging information systems and technologies in organizations are welcome. Papers involving strategic aspects of technological innovation; customer/employee value added to enabling technologies; and the impact of emerging technologies on knowledge workers are also appropriate. A wide diversity of research methods is also encouraged, including both quantitative and qualitative methods. Innovative approaches to studying emerging information technologies are also desirable. This research focus of Decision Sciences will be edited by Professor Kenneth E. Kendall of Rutgers University-Camden. All papers will be reviewed according to the standard Decision Sciences review process. Information regarding submissions can be obtained by contacting Professor Kendall (kendallk@camden.rutgers.edu) or 609-225-6586. The deadline for submissions is May 1, 1996. Send five copies of your submission to: Lee Krajewski Editor, Decision Sciences Research Focus: Emerging Information Systems and Technologies University of Notre Dame 364 College of Business Administration P.O. Box 399 Notre Dame, IN 46556-0399 \EOA * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ABOUT INFOSYS * * INFOSYS is an electronic newsletter for faculty, students, and * * practitioners in the field of Information Systems. INFOSYS * * publishes news items, requests for assistance, calls for papers * * announcements of professional meetings and conferences, position * * announcements, journal table of contents, and other items of * * interest to the Information Systems community. * * * * INFOSYS is published biweekly, more frequently if volume requires * * it. INFOSYS operates as an electronic mailing list on listserv * * software at American University in Washington, DC. The editor is * * Dennis W. Viehland . * * * * INFOSYS is sponsored by boyd & fraser, publishers of educational * * materials for computer and information education. Contact Bill * * Lisowski or visit http://www.bf.com/bf.html * * or gopher.bf.com for more information about boyd & fraser. * * * * To subscribe to INFOSYS send the following one-line e-mail * * message to listserv@american.edu: subscribe infosys yourfirstname * * yourlastname (e.g., subscribe infosys John Smith). You will * * receive a welcome letter that will tell you more about INFOSYS * * and listserv. To cancel your subscription send the following * * message to listserv@american.edu: unsubscribe infosys * * * * Guidelines for submitting articles to INFOSYS are published in * * the Welcome message each new subscriber receives (or e-mail "get * * infosys welcome" to listserv@american.edu). Send articles to * * infosys@american.edu or d.viehland@massey.ac.nz. * * * * The INFOSYS Calendar of Upcoming Events is updated fortnightly * * and can be obtained in the following ways: * * --E-mail: send the following one-line message to * * listserv@american.edu: get infosys calendar * * --FTP: anonymous FTP to ftp.american.edu; file is pub/infosys/ * * infosys.calendar * * --Gopher: gopher to listserv.american.edu; choose INFOSYS * * --WWW: forthcoming * * * * INFOSYS Back Issues are archived by Robert McArthur at: * * AUSTRALIA: http://www.fit.qut.edu.au/~mcarthur/infosys/ * * by Eric Morgan (N Carolina State Univ) at: * * USA: ftp://ftp.lib.ncsu.edu/stacks/serials/infosys/ * * USA: wais://wais.lib.ncsu.edu/infosys * * USA: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/stacks/infosys-index.html * * by Brian Fitzgerald (University College Cork) at: * * EUROPE: http://www.ucc.ie/htbin/infosys * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *